Kiln or oven.



L. KERN.

IAN. 4. i916.

. Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

L. KERN.

KILN 0R OVEN.

APPLlcATloN FILED 1AN.4. 191e.

1 ,206,547 Patented Nov.. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@M2057 V/fer/ay LUDWrG kann, or HAMBURG, GERMANY. f

KILN 0R OVEN.

ASpecication o eers Patent. u Patented Nov..2@,'1916.

@riginal application filed June 22, 1914, Serial No. 846,490. Dividedand this application led January d,

1916. Serial No. 70,217.

To all whom it may concern.' Be it known thatl, LUDWIG KERN, a subjectof the Emperor of Germany, and a resident of Hamburg, Germany, haveinvented4 a new and improved kiln or oven more espe cially 4designed forburning bricks formed of a mixture of infusorial earth and clay, andarranged to permit of first passing a current of air over the greenbricks to re'- duce the moisture thereof, to then subject the bricks toheat of 650 to -950" centigrade to burn or harden the bricks,`and tofinally pass another currentof air over the burned bricks to quicklycool the same.

.ln order to' produce the desired result, use is made of a housingprovided with horizontal perforate partitions forming a plurality ofchambers or compartments one above the other, and of which the lowermostone is a combustion chamber and the others are receiving chambers forthe reception of the bricks to be burned, furnaces arranged in the sidesof the housing and openinginto the combustion chamber, the furnaceshaving ash pits provided with doors .at their outer ends and opening attheir inner ends into the said combustion chambers to permit thecirculation of air through thechambers prior toand after the burning ofthe bricks in the said receiving chambers.

Use is also made of draft holes in the sides emanatmg from the burningfuel in the fur- --nace I from rising centrally through the of the saidchambers, and dampers 'arranged in the perforations of the saidpartitions'at Athe middle thereof to divert the heat tothe sides of thereceiving chambers.

A practical embodiment ofthe invention is represented in theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in whichsimilarfcharacters of'reference indicate corresponding,partsl in all theviews.

Figure 1 is a cross section of the kiln; Fig. 2 is a reduced sideelevation of the same with the housing in section and some of the sidedoors of the furnacel and air inlets omitted; and Fig. 3 is a front endelevation ofthe kiln.

The housing A of the kiln oroven is built platforms E, E, for carryingthe bricks to be burned into the interior of the housing A andremovingthe burned bricks therefrom. The housing A is provided with horizontallydisposed perforate partitions F, F', F2, dividing the interior of thehousing into two chambers or compartments G and G for receiving thebricks and into' a bottom combustion chamber G2 and a top chamber G3,from which latter extends a chimney H, the bottom H of which is likewiseperforate, as indicated in Fig. 1. The bricks to be burned are set inthe usual manner on the partitions F and F2, as indicated in Ydottedlines in Fig. 1, and with'the sides spaced from the sides ofthe lining Bto permit a proper circulation of air and heat, as hereinafter morefully explained.

rll`he sides of the housing A are provided with furnaces I for' burningcoke or other fuel and opening into the combustion chamber G2, the'furnaces I on two sides of, the kiln being arranged in staggeredrelation to each other, and each furnace is provided with a suitabledoor l. rlhe ash pit .l for each furnace l opens at its inner end intolthe combustion chamber G2 for admitting air into the said combustionchamber prior to starting up the furnaces l so as to subject the bricksin the compartments G and G to the action yof a strong current of air.The outer ends oftheA ash pits J are provided with suitable doors J. p

ln order to prevent the air and the heat chambers G, G andG3 to thestack H., it is desirable to close the middle perforations F3 of thepartitions F, F andy F2 during the beginning of the firing of thefurnace ll,

and for this purpose the said middle perforations F3 are preferablyclosed by suitable 2 dampers K mounted on rods K extending to theoutsideof the kiln and adapted to be turned by the operator to open and closethe the open side perforations F3 of the parti- 110 said partition. Theair and heat next pass tition F to quickly cool through the sideperforations F3 in the parand rise through the stack ot bricks set onthe partition F, and the air and heat Afinally pass'throgh the sideperforations F3 in the upper partition F to finally reach the topcompartment G3 from which the air and heat pass up, next, into thechimney and out ot the same. The, sides of the housing A.' are furtherprovided with draft holes L leading into the compartments G-G, whichholes not only permit observation of the burning-of the bricks in thesaid compartments, but perform a more important function ot admittingatmospheric air to the compartments when needed during the process ofburning. v

rll`he operation is as follows: ',llhe bricks are set in staggeredrelation into the chambers or compartments G and G, and then the doorsD, D- are closed and the doors d are opened so that air may have freeradmission to the compartments G2, G, G and G3 and through .the bricksset in the com partments G and G. This is due to the fact that the kilnacts'like a huge chimney, creating an upward draft. rlfhe air removessome ofthe moisture contained ,in the bricks and then the furnaces l arestarted so as to cause the resultant products of combustion to circulatethrough rthe compartments G2, G', G and G3 and through the bricks 4toburn the same. Owing to the use of clay of a low melting point itrequires but a comn panatively short time (say from 3 tot 6 hours) tocomplete the burning of the bricks, and then the hres in the furnacesare drawn and the doors J are fully opened to allow air to circulatethrough .the bricks the same. lt is understood that at the beginning oftheV operation -the dempers l are preferably closed to prevent thebricks on the centers o" the stacks 'from i being subjected to aninjurious concentrated high heat, 1but after the bricks have beensomewhat burned thedampers K are opened to insure uniform burning of allthe bricks in the stack. v i

ln order to 'enable the workmen to properly form the stacks of bricks inthe chambers or compartments Gand G', the partinecesa? tions F and F2`are provided near the sides` with raised-ledges F* to form guides forforming the stacks, as will be readily understood by reference toFig. 1. rlhe inner faces of the lining B are provided with lugs B toprevent obstruction of the passages between the sidesoi the stacks andthe inner facing ot the lining in case some of the bricks in the stacksshould becomedisplaced and fall against the lsaid faces of the lining.

lt 'is understood that a brick burned in this kiln or oven is formed ofa mixture of intusorial earth and a low grade clayimelting at atemperature of 650 to 950o Celsius is of a desired strength ofcompression, porous', reproof and oflow specific gravity;

llt is understood that with the opening and closing of the doors J thedoors L of draft holes L are opened and closed to assist in supplyingthe desired amount of fresh air to the compartments, as above explained.

Although the kiln is mainly intended tor burning bricks of a mixture ofintusorial earth and clay, it is evident that the kiln may be used forburning articles other than bricks and made of other materials than theone mentioned.

the lowermost one being a combustion chamber and the one next above abrick-receiving chamber, al furnace arranged in the sides of the housingand opening into the combustion chamber and adapted to permit admissionof air for circulation through the chambers prior to and after burningof the bricks in the receiving chambers, and slidable dampers arrangedhorizontally in the perforations of the said partitions at the middlethereof to divert the heat to the sides ot the receiving chambers, asspecilied.

ln testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses. L

. LUDWG KERN.

Witnesses:

Financie R. STEWART, Lorne l?. Dnena,

